Volume 14 (2025)
Uncovering the early
sociolinguistic history of Malacca Creole Portuguese
Alan N. Baxter (Universidade Federal da Bahia)
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Abstract
This paper provides a preliminary notice of Baxter
(2026), a forthcoming study of the sociolinguistic history of Malacca Creole
Portuguese (MCP) in the Portuguese, Dutch and early British colonial periods.
It highlights topics from the study. Discussing first the sociodemographic
factors that shaped linguistic interactions in the Portuguese period, it considers
aspects of the feature pool from which MCP emerged, and the settings for its
transmission. Next, shifting to the Dutch period, it examines factors
supporting the survival of the MCP speech community and further evolution of
its language. Insights are drawn regarding the characteristics of MCP in the
17th and 18th centuries, based on comparative data from Javanese Pidgin and
Creole Portuguese, while also noting that a higher register approximating
Portuguese persisted at the end of the 18th century. Examination of the British period highlights a
continuation of the MCP community's profile established during the Dutch
period. It also discusses the earliest linguistic records of MCP, particularly
materials collected by Hugo Schuchardt in 1883-1884. These form the
basis of a discussion of prime features of 19th-century MCP grammar, aimed at
evaluating its relationship with earlier forms and its connections to
contemporary regional varieties, and to Modern MCP.
Keywords: Sociolinguistic history,
Portuguese Malacca, Dutch Malacca, British 19th century, Java connections,
basilect features